7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A
Production Cartridge Casing
7,7cm cartridge casing for the Krupp leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K. = light field cannon) 96 n/A (neuer Art = new model). In 1905 the Feldartillerie switched to a new projectile, the Einheitsgeschoss FH-G 11 which was a combination shrapnel and high explosive which required a stronger cartridge casing. This is why the st" (stark) marked thicker casings were introduced in 1905. These cartridge casings are considerably heavier than the paper thin and very light 1st production 7,7cm l.F.K.96 n/A cartridge casings.

To illustrate the size, the casing is photographed with an original Model 1896/1914 Bayerisches (Bavarian) Mannschaften (Other Ranks) Pickelhaube for 7 Feldartill. - Regt. Prinz-Regent Luitpold, München, I. Armee-Korps.

7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A Cartridge Casing Data:
  • Height - 227mm (8.93 inches)
  • Actual Calibre - 7,7cm (3.03 inches)
  • Base Diameter - 91mm (3.55 inches)
  • Weight - .773 kg (1.70 lbs.)
  • Manufacturer - Haniel Luege Düsseldorf
  • Date - December 1916
A close-up of the head stampings on the base. Around the primer it is marked: "HL" for the cartridge factory of Haniel Luege Düsseldorf and manufactured in "DEZ. 1916" (December 1916). "37" is the lot number of that batch of cases which were made during 1916. "HL6" is the control/inspection mark of the manufacturer Haniel Luege Düsseldorf. "st" (stark=strong) means that the casing was strengthened. 1st production 7,7cm l.F.K.96 n/A cartridge casings manufactured until 1905 were much thinner and lighter.
 
7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A Wartime Service; Field & Flak

Photo courtesy Brett Butterworth Photo Archives
7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A

During the Great War the 7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A (neuer Art = new model) light field cannon used by the German Feldartillerie (Field Artillery) served well in the opening months where the situation was fluid, however, it proved to be less useful during the static trench warfare due to the flat trajectory and limited range. Although it served throughout the Great War, where once Feldartillerie Batterie (battery) lined up in open fields to pour fire down on enemy formations, now individual cannons were dispersed and camouflaged and always at risk of the highly effective Allied counter battery fire.
7,7 Behelfs-Flak

With the introduction of aircraft into the war, both sides of the conflict quickly realized they had no effective anti-aircraft weapons. As a result, the 7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A was pressed into service to meet this immediate need for Flak (Flugabwehrkanone = aircraft defence cannon).

The quickest solution was to mount 7,7cm leichte Feld Kanone (l.F.K.) 96 n/A on an elevated platform called a 7,7 Behelfs-Flak (improvised Flak) to bring the elevation up to an angle that made it useful against aircraft. In this photo, the crew has made a 7,7 Behelfs-Flak by cutting down a large tree and using the stump as a platform. The cannon and ammunition remained essentially the same, but a new fuse was developed for this role.

Photo courtesy Brett Butterworth Photo Archives

Photo courtesy Dr. Hannes Täger Photo Archives
7,7cm l.F.K. 96 n/A Flak Schnetzler-Sockel

Later developments introduced purpose-built platforms for the 7,7cm l.F.K. 96 n/A in a Flak role called Schnetzler-Sockel. In the photo above, a 7,7cm l.F.K. 96 n/A is mounted onto a Schnetzler-Sockel which was a movable platform which could be traversed by the crew, who have all posed with their cannon for the photo.
 
7,7cm Kraftwagenflak

A further development was the introduction of Kraftwagenflak (vehicle Flak). Krupp and Rheinmetall pioneered the mobile Flak with two versions of the 7.7 cm leichte Kw.-Flak L/27: one version with a Krupp cannon and a Daimler truck and engine as the platform, and the other with a cannon made by "Rheinische Metallwaaren und Maschinenfabrik Düsseldorf" (Rheinmetall) with an Erhardt truck as the platform.

In this remarkable photograph a crew poses with their Rheinmetall 7.7 cm leichte Kw.-Flak L/27 on a Erhardt truck with an 4 cylinder Viertakt-Motor made by Firma Heinrich Erhardt. Of interest, the splotch-pattern camo M16 steel helmet has been painted to match the truck. On the cannon the sights are visible with a pile of 7,7cm l.F.K.96 rounds beside the vehicle on the ground. On the crew, the FLAK straps are clearly visible, as are the metal truck collar insignia on the Kraftfahrer driver. Most interesting, is the FLAK symbol painted on the truck bonnet.
7,7cm Rheinmetall 7.7 cm leichte Kw.-Flak L/27

Although the ballistic performance of the 7.7 cm leichte Kw.-Flak L/27 was not as good as the captured Russian and French cannons, the new "fast loading breech lock" allowed up to 25 shots per minute.

The 7,7 Behelfs-Flak (7,7 improvised Flak) used the same 7,7cm fixed ammunition as the 7,7cm l.F.K. 96 n/A but there the similarities ended.

The 7.7 cm leichte Kw.-Flak L/27 was in all respects a completely different type of cannon, purposely made for Flak utilizing the standard 7,7cm fixed ammunition.

Photo courtesy Dr. Hannes Täger Photo Archives